MAGNETIC FIELD (MF) has had many therapeutic usages in traditional medicine. Today, it is used to accelerate the recovery period after surgical operations by some medical centers and in some horse-training farms in the world. There are some scientific reports on the alternative effect of MF on nervous system function, convulsion, pain, neurons, embryonic cells and immune system cells. For this reason, the effect of constant MF on formalin-INDUCED pain was investigated in the present project. For this purpose, two magnets (80 and 120 militesla (mt) at 15 centimeter distance from each other) were used. It was 4 mt in the middle of 30 cm distance between two magnets when they were opposed to each other by different poles. These three MF powers were used to perform the tests. Tests were designed in two categories; i.e. acute and chronic. In the acute experiment, formalin test (FT) was performed in three groups (n=6) during exposure MF power. In the chronic case, groups (n=9) were exposed to MF for two hours a day for 10 days and then FT was performed. Results of the acute tests showed additive effect of MF on pain sensation, as MF with 80 mt and 120 mt powers had 15.5% and 19.5% additive effects (P<0.01) in the first phase, and 3.7% and 14.9% additive effects (P<0.05) in the second phase of FT respectively. Results of the chronic tests showed two opposite effects in the first and second phases of FT. In this respect, MF with 4, 80, and 120 mt power had 8% (P<0.05), 1.5%, and 3.5% additive effects in the first phase, and 14.9%, 16.7% and 31% attenuating effect (P<0.01) in the second phase respectively. Some reports have shown MF acutely evokes calcium channels and increases intracellular concentration of calcium and so affects the cell excitability. It may also increase the excitability of pain receptors and its pathway in the central nervous system (CNS), so it is a probable reason for acute additive effect of MF. It has also indicated that chronic MF increases release of serotonin and enkephalins. Also, the inhibitory effect of long-term high intracellualr calcium concentration on the cell activity has been proved. These two mechanisms may be responsible for chronic attenuation of pain sensation at the second phase of FT.

The present paper is devoted to the study of glass ablation with laser-INDUCED plasma and the effect of the MAGNETIC FIELD on this process. In the experiments, a nanosecond pulsed laser with a wavelength of 532 nm and copper with 2 mm thickness is used as the laser source and the metal substrate respectively. Two permanent neodymium magnets (4500-4800 G) are used to apply an external MAGNETIC FIELD to the drilling zone and to make ablation on the laboratory slide glass. The laser fluence is selected in 4 levels of 1, 1.5, 3, and 3.5  and the characteristics of the holes made with 50 pulse laser radiation are compared in terms of dimensions and morphology. It is observed that by applying a MAGNETIC FIELD, the removed material volume increases about 2 to 2.4 times in the lower fluences and 31 to 35 times in the higher fluences. In the MAGNETIC FIELD absence, for different levels of laser fluence, depth and diameter are changed from 1.6 to 32 and 10 to 100 microns. However, in its presence, they are changed from 3 to 76 and 11 to 380 microns respectively. The shape of deposited particles on glass is also different in the presence and absence of a MAGNETIC FIELD.

A numerical program is been developed to simulate the natural convection in a rectangular cavity in presence of a MAGNETIC FIELD. The cavity in filled with mercury with a Prandtl number equal to 0.024. The flow is INDUCED by a vertical temperature gradient. This type of configuration concerns the crystal growth using the Bridgman vertical method. The mass, momentum and energy equations, adopting the Boussinesq approximation, are solved numerically using the finite-volume method in conjunction with the SIMPLER algorithm the flow under consideration is steady, laminar and two-dimensional. The temperature gradients are assumed to be weak. The results show that the dynamic and temperature FIELDs are strongly affected by variations of the MAGNETIC FIELD intensity and the angle of inclination.Numerical simulations have been carried out considering different combinations of Grashof and Hartmann numbers to study their effects on the streamlines, the isotherms and the Nusselt number.

In chloride salt solutions, titanium alloys exhibit reasonably high pitting potentials as high as +10 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) at room temperatures. On the other hand, anodic pitting potentials are significantly lower in bromide solutions. In this study, pitting corrosion of commercially pure titanium in aqueous NaBr solution of 0.1 M concentration at room temperature was studied and the effect of an external MAGNETIC FIELD oriented both parallel and perpendicular to electrode surface was investigated. Cyclic potentiodynamic and potentiostatic polarization tests were carried out. Anodic breakdown potential of +1.45 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) obtained in the absence of MAGNETIC FIELD, decreasing to +1.11 V in the presence of a 0.05 T parallel MAGNETIC FIELD. The perpendicular MAGNETIC FIELD actually did not affect the breakdown potential. Applying of an external MAGNETIC FIELD, independent of its orientation, shifted the repassivation potential approximately 150 mV in the positive direction. SEM microscopy observations of sample surfaces indicated that applying of MAGNETIC FIELD results in some variations in the pit shapes and their sizes.

In the present paper, the fully developed laminar free convective flow of a viscous incompressible and electrically conducting fluid between two concentric vertical cylinders is considered in the presence of a radial MAGNETIC FIELD. The INDUCED MAGNETIC FIELD produced by the motion of an electrically conducting fluid is taken into account. The expressions for the temperature, velocity, INDUCED MAGNETIC FIELD, INDUCED current density, skin-friction and Nusselt number are obtained in a closed form under more general boundary conditions for the INDUCED MAGNETIC FIELD. The influence of the Hartmann number and buoyancy force distribution parameter on the fluid velocity, INDUCED MAGNETIC FIELD and INDUCED current density have been analyzed by using the graphs while the values of the skin-friction, Nusselt number, INDUCED current flux and mass flux are given in the tabular form. It is observed that the fluid velocity and INDUCED MAGNETIC FIELD are rapidly decreasing with increase in the value of Hartmann number in the case when one of the cylinders is conducting compared with the case when both cylinders are non-conducting. The effect of the INDUCED MAGNETIC FIELD is to increase the velocity profiles in comparison to the case of neglecting the INDUCED MAGNETIC FIELD. The buoyancy force distribution parameter has tendency to increase the fluid velocity, INDUCED MAGNETIC FIELD, temperature FIELD and INDUCED current flux.